Eating Behavior Disorders and Disordered Eating Habits in Spanish High-Performance Women's Olympic Wrestling Athletes.

Eating disorders (EDs) are a significant health issue in combat sports. This study investigated the differences between the different types of female wrestlers and the frequency at which EDs occur in the elite population, and it also sought to establish which factors are predictors of EDs. This study was comprised of 22 elite, female wrestlers who were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: having previously been the Spanish champion, being part of the Spanish national team, participating in at least one international championship, and having a history of ED. Data collection involved five questionnaires: demographic data, the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), the Bulimic Investigatory Test, the Edinburgh (BITE), the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results revealed diverse levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, with BITE scores indicating abnormal eating patterns. Group comparisons exposed significant distinctions in eating behaviors based on competition and training experience. Regression analyses showed competition and training experience as predictors of bulimia severity and symptoms. The study revealed prevalent extreme weight-control practices, including fasting, diuretic and laxative use, and binge eating. This research emphasizes the importance of EDs in Olympic wrestling, urging a comprehensive approach involving education, support, and policy implementation by coaches, health professionals, and sports organizations to prioritize athletes' well-being and discourage unhealthy weight-control practices.

Novel Covalent Modifier-Induced Local Conformational Changes within the Intrinsically Disordered Region of the Androgen Receptor.

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of transcription factors play an important biological role in liquid condensate formation and gene regulation. It is thus desirable to investigate the druggability of IDRs and how small-molecule binders can alter their conformational stability. For the androgen receptor (AR), certain covalent ligands induce important changes, such as the neutralization of the condensate. To understand the specificity of ligand-IDR interaction and potential implications for the mechanism of neutralizing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), we modeled and performed computer simulations of ligand-bound peptide segments obtained from the human AR. We analyzed how different covalent ligands affect local secondary structure, protein contact map, and protein-ligand contacts for these protein systems. We find that effective neutralizers make specific interactions (such as those between cyanopyrazole and tryptophan) that alter the helical propensity of the peptide segments. These findings on the mechanism of action can be useful for designing molecules that influence IDR structure and condensate of the AR in the future.

The Effects of 24-h Fasting on Exercise Performance and Metabolic Parameters in a Pilot Study of Female CrossFit Athletes.

Many studies have tested intermittent fasting (IF) in athletes, but its effects on female CrossFit athletes remain relatively unexplored in the existing literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of 24-h IF on the physical performance of female CrossFit practitioners. Eleven female CrossFit athletes (age: 30.91 ± 3.42, weight: 65.26 ± 7.55 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.05 m) participated in the study. The study used a crossover design with fasting and eating conditions. Participants completed an exercise test, standing long jump, and handgrip strength assessment. Hydration status, heart rate, blood lactate, blood glucose, rates of perceived exertion, and hunger were measured. Results showed significant differences in blood lactate concentration (F = 5.435, p = 0.042, η2p = 0.352). Resting blood lactate concentration was significantly lower in the fasting trial than in the eating trial (p < 0.001), but post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were higher in the fasting trial than in the eating trial (p < 0.001). No differences were found in performance times (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this pilot study of females suggests that 24-h fasting does not impair exercise performance or negatively affect physiological parameters in CrossFit athletes.

Hydration, Hyperthermia, Glycogen, and Recovery: Crucial Factors in Exercise Performance-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hyperthermia accelerates dehydration and can lead to a glycolysis malfunction. Therefore, to deeply understand the relationship between dehydration and hyperthermia during exercise, as well as in the recovery time, there might be important factors to improve athletic performance. A systematic review was carried out in different databases using the words "hydration" OR "dehydration" AND "glycogen" OR "glycogenesis" OR "glycogenolysis" AND "muscle" OR "muscle metabolism" OR "cardiovascular system" and adding them to the "topic section" in Web of Science, to "Title/Abstract" in PubMed and to "Abstract" in SPORTDiscus. A total of 18 studies were included in the review and 13 in the meta-analysis. The free statistical software Jamovi was used to run the meta-analysis (version 1.6.15). A total sample of 158 people was included in the qualitative analysis, with a mean age of 23.5 years. Ten studies compared muscle glycogen content after hydration vs. remaining dehydrated (SMD -4.77 to 3.71, positive 80% of estimates, \hat{\mu} = 0.79 (95% CI: -0.54 to 2.12), z = 1.17, p = 0.24, Q-test (Q(9) = 66.38, p < 0.0001, tau2 = 4.14, I2 = 91.88%). Four studies examined the effect of temperature on postexercise muscle glycogen content (SMD -3.14 to -0.63, 100% of estimates being negative, \hat{\mu} = -1.52 (95% CI: -2.52 to -0.53), (z = -3.00, p = 0.003, Q-test (Q(3) = 8.40, p = 0.038, tau2 = 0.68, I2 = 66.81%). In conclusion, both hyperthermia and dehydration may contribute to elevated glycogenolysis during exercise and poor glycogen resynthesis during recovery. Although core and muscle hyperthermia are the key factors in glycogen impairments, they are also directly related to dehydration.

Complejo ligamentoso lateral de la articulación talocrural (tobillo): biometría y patrones de división / Lateral ankle ligamentous complex: biometrics and division patterns

El complejo ligamentoso lateral de la articulación talocrural o «tobillo» (CLT) contempla básicamente tres estructuras denominadas como ligamento talofibular anterior (LTFA), ligamento calcaneofibular (LCF) y ligamento talofibular posterior (LTFP). En los últimos artículos publicados en relación con la morfología del CLT, se clasifica al LTFA en tres tipos, basada en el número de bandas o fascículos. Esta variabilidad morfológica plantea nuevos desafíos de estudios anatómicos en la biomecánica y estabilidad de la región talocrural. El objetivo de este estudio fue profundizar la anatomía de este complejo, en base a disecciones por capa que nos permitan visualizar las relaciones existentes entre estos ligamentos y estructuras aledañas. Se utilizaron 10 piezas congeladas pertenecientes al Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile, cuyos ligamentos fueron localizados y medidos en ancho y longitud. Para el LTFA se observó un patrón único en 5 muestras, bifurcado en 4, mientras que en un caso se visualizó un patrón trifurcado. El conocimiento del complejo ligamentoso lateral de tobillo, así como de su dirección, biometría y bandas o fascículos son un importante aporte para la imagenología, rehabilitación, clínica y cirugías que aborden esta región.

SUMMARY: The lateral ankle complex (LAC) basically includes three structures called anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). In recent works published in relation to the morphology of LAC, ATFL is classified into three types, based on the number of bands or fascicles. This morphological modification poses new challenges for anatomical studies in biomechanics and ankle stability. The objective of this is to deepen in greater detail the anatomy of this complex, based on dissections by layer that allow us to study the existing relationships between these ligaments and surrounding structures. 10 frozen pieces belonging to the Department of Anatomy and Legal Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile were used; whose ligaments were located and measured in width and length. For ATFL, a single pattern was found in 5 samples, bifurcated in 4, while a trifurcated pattern was seen in one case. Knowledge of the lateral ligamentous complex of the ankle, as well as its direction, biometry and bands or fascicles, are an important contribution to imaging, rehabilitation, clinics and surgeries that address this region.

Autonomic stress response of physiotherapy student in the different scenarios of an objective structured clinical examination.

The aim of the present research was to analyse modifications in the autonomic stress response of Physiotherapy students undergoing a 12-scenario Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE). A total of 86 last year students of the Physiotherapy bachelor's degree (27.29 years (SD = 6.66); 36 females and 50 males) randomly assigned were monitored during the complete OSCE to measure heart rate variability (HRV) in temporal, frequency, and non-linear domains. The HRV analysed showed a large anticipatory stress response of students maintained during the entire evaluation. The stress response varied regarding OSCE station complexity and demands and the highest sympathetic response was not found in higher emotional scenarios.The autonomic modulation monitoring allows teachers to design OSCE scenarios more adapted to the students, limiting the effect of the stress response to allow a better performance.

Acute Effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation during a Single Maximal Strength Training Session.

Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training is effective in improving training adaptation. However, WB-EMS may have side effects and contraindications that can lead to excessive muscle damage and physiological impairment. This randomized crossover study aimed to analyze the acute effects of WB-EMS on muscle damage, autonomic modulation and performance during a single maximal strength session in physically active participants. Twenty healthy and physically active participants randomly performed three maximal strength training sessions (90% 1RM) consisting of bench presses and squat exercises, with a continuous stimulus, a coordinated stimulus with concentric and eccentric phases, and without WB-EMS. Data showed no significant differences between the trials for muscle damage (blood creatine kinase levels), lactate blood levels and performance after exercise. Likewise, the heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and the rate of perceived exertion were similar during exercise between trials. The heart rate variability analysis also showed a similar autonomic response among the trials. Training with WB-EMS seemed to be safe at the observed time intervals while offering a stimulus similar to regular training in physically active participants, regardless of the delivery of the electrical stimuli. More studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of WB-EMS in improving exercise adaptations during training programs.

Effects of Polyphenol Consumption on Recovery in Team Sport Athletes of Both Sexes: A Systematic Review.

Previous studies have shown that polyphenol consumption enhances recovery of the muscle after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, EIMD markers have not been studied by sport type. The main aim of this research was to perform a systematic review to determine the efficacy of polyphenolic consumption in increasing muscle recovery for performing team sport skills. Eligible studies included, following PICOS structure, presented at least one of the following outcomes: maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC); countermovement jump (CMJ); delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS); 20 m sprint test; creatine kinase (CK); and C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale tool. The review showed a possibly positive impact of polyphenol consumption on recovery after EIMD in team sports athletes. No differences were found between sexes. Considering the limitations, there is moderate to very low certainty of polyphenol supplementation effects on recovery of team sport females and males. A dose of 60 mL/day, divided into two times per day, ingested for >7 days may present positive effects on muscle function and muscle soreness in team sport athletes. However, further investigation is required, specifically in females.

Psychological Stress Triggers a Hyperammonemia Episode in Patient with Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency.

An 18-year-old male motorcycle racer, who was a participant in the FIM Road Racing World Championship and had a history of Ornithine Transcarbamylase deficiency, developed nausea and dizziness while driving his motorcycle and became unconscious right after he stopped at the box. He was rapidly attended to by the medical personnel of the circuit, and once he recovered consciousness, he was taken to the local hospital where the blood analysis showed hyperammonemia (307 µg/dL) and excess alkalosis. The patient was properly following the prescribed treatment, and there were no environmental stressors. Hence, psychological stress and its somatization due to the risky task that the patient was performing could have triggered the episode. Stress must be considered as a potential cause, triggering strenuous metabolic stress that leads to hyperammonemia.

Midazolam/fentanyl vs. propofol/remifentanil in immediate postoperative with short-term mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVES: To compare between 2 sedoanalgesia regimes, the time from withdrawal of the medication until the patient wakes up and until extubation. METHODOLOGY: Observational study on pediatric patients after elective surgery that needed mechanical ventilation for a period maximum to 72 h. We compared two independent groups of patients: group A: patients collected prospectively who received sedoanalgesia with propofof-remifentanil and group B: patients who received midazolam-fentanyl collected retrospectively by reviewing medical records and database of the unit. The main variables studied were: Age, weight, sex, interventions type, sedoanalgesia scales, drugs dosages, time from withdrawal of medication to awakening and extubation, and adverse effects. RESULTS: We collected 82 patients, 43 in group A and 39 in group B. Age (arithmetical mean ±â€¯standard deviation of patients were 49 ±â€¯65 months, weight 17 ±â€¯16 kg. Mechanical ventilation medium time was 22 h (3-72), wake-up time from withdrawal after removing sedoanalgesia was of 11,8 ±â€¯10,6 min group A and 137,3 ±â€¯45 min group B (P < 0.001), extubation time after removing sedoanalgesia was of 24 ±â€¯21 min group A and 230 ±â€¯102 min group B (P < 0.001). Adverse effects were found in 10.5% of patients group A (7.9% agitation, 2.6% bradycardia), and 13% of patients group B (respiratrory depression after extubation) P = 0,572. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with propofol-remifentanil have significantly shorter times to wake up, extubation and withdrawal from mechanical ventilation after stopping the medication. In the midazolam-fentanyl group, respiratory depression was more frequent, although the percentage of adverse effects were similar in both groups. Both the combination of propofol-remifentanil and midazolam-fentanyl appear to be effective as a sedative-analgesic regimen for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation after surgery.

The Effect of Studying a Double Degree in the Psychophysiological Stress Response in the Bachelor's Thesis Defense.

The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of studying a single or double degree in the psychophysiological stress response and academic performance of university students in their bachelor's thesis defense. We analyzed the autonomic stress response, cortical arousal, subjective distress perception, and the sense of objective and subjective academic fulfilment of 84 single-degree physiotherapy students and 26 double-degree sport sciences and physiotherapy students during their bachelor's thesis defense. The results showed that the bachelor's thesis defense was a stressful event for double-degree students, showing an activation of the sympathetic nervous system and presenting a higher autonomic habituation response for the double degree students compared to the single degree students. We found higher mean grades during the whole degree and higher grades in the written and oral bachelor's thesis academic achievements for single-degree students compared to double-degree students. No significant differences were found between single-degree and double-degree students in subjective distress perception and cortical arousal. No correlation was found between academic performance variables and subjective distress perception, cortical arousal, and autonomic modulation variables. We conclude that the bachelor's thesis defense produces a large anticipatory anxiety response in single-degree physiotherapy students and in double-degree sport sciences and physiotherapy students. Double-degree students showed higher levels of habituation and adaptability to the stressful event, with a better autonomic response. Academic achievements were significantly higher among single-degree students compared to the double-degree group.

Sedoanalgesia con midazolam/fentanilo vs. propofol/remifentanilo en postoperatorio inmediato con ventilación mecánica de corta duración / Midazolam/fentanyl vs. propofol/remifentanil in immediate postoperative with short-term mechanical ventilation

Objetivos: Comparar, entre 2 regímenes de sedoanalgesia, el tiempo trascurrido desde la retirada de la medicación hasta el despertar y hasta la extubación del paciente. Metodología: Estudio observacional, en pacientes pediátricos que, tras cirugía electiva, precisaron sedoanalgesia y ventilación mecánica durante un periodo máximo de 72 h. Comparamos 2 grupos independientes de pacientes: grupo A, pacientes que recibieron sedoanalgesia con propofol-remifentanilo recogidos de forma prospectiva, y grupo B, pacientes que recibieron midazolam-fentanilo recogidos retrospectivamente mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas y base de datos de la unidad. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, peso, sexo, tipo de intervención, escalas de valoración de la sedoanalgesia, dosis totales empleadas, tiempo transcurrido desde la retirada de medicación hasta despertar y extubación, y efectos adversos. Resultados: Se recogió a 82 pacientes, 43 en el grupo A y 39 en el grupo B. La edad (media±desviación estándar) de los pacientes fue de 49±65 meses y 17,3±16kg de peso, con un tiempo de ventilación mecánica promedio de 22 h (3-72). Tras retirar la medicación, el tiempo de despertar fue de 11,8±10,6 min en el grupo A y de 137,3±45 min en el grupo B (p<0,001) y el tiempo de extubación de 24±21 min en el grupo A y 230±102 min en el B (p<0,001). El 10,5% de los pacientes del grupo A presentó algún efecto adverso (7,9% agitación y 2,6% bradicardia) y, del grupo B, un 13% (depresión respiratoria tras extubación), con una p=0,572. (AU)

Objectives: Compare between 2 sedoanalgesia regimes, the time from withdrawal of the medication until the patient wakes up and until extubation. Methodology: Observational study on pediatric patients after elective surgery that needed mechanical ventilation for a period maximum to 72 hours. We compared 2independent groups of patients: group A: patients collected prospectively who received sedoanalgesia with propofof-remifentanil and group B: patients who received midazolam-fentanyl collected retrospectively by reviewing medical records and database of the unit. The main variables studied were: Age, weight, sex, interventions type, sedoanalgesia scales, drugs dosages, time from withdrawal of medication to awakening and extubation, and adverse effects. Results: We collected 82 patients, 43 in group A and 39 in group B. Age (arithmetical mean±standard deviation of patients were 49±65 months, weight 17±16kg. Mechanical ventilation time medium was 22 hours (3-72), wake-up time from withdrawal after removing sedoanalgesia was of 11,8±10,6 minutes group A and 137,3±45minutes group B (P<.001), extubation time after removing sedoanalgesia was of 24±21minutes group A and 230±102minutes group B (P<.001). Adverse effects were found in 10.5% of patients group A (7.9% agitation, 2.6% bradycardia), and 13% of patients group B (respiratrory depression after extubation), P=.572. (AU)

Ergogenic Aids to Improve Physical Performance in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Most intervention studies investigating the effects of ergogenic aids (EAs) on sports performance have been carried out in the male population. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects in the existing literature of EAs used by female athletes on performance. A literature research was conducted, and a descriptive analysis of the articles included in the systematic review was carried out. Meta-analyses could be performed on 32 of the included articles, evaluating performance in strength, sprint, and cardiovascular capacity. A random-effects model and the standardized mean differences (SMD) ± 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. The results showed that caffeine helped to improve jumping performance, isometric strength values, and the number of repetitions until failure. Caffeine and sodium phosphate helped to improve sprint performance. Aerobic tests could be improved with the use of taurine, caffeine, and beta-alanine. No conclusive effects of beetroot juice, polyphenols, or creatine in improving aerobic performance were shown. In terms of anaerobic variables, both caffeine and sodium phosphate could help to improve repeated sprint ability. More studies are needed in female athletes that measure the effects of different EAs on sports performance, such as beetroot juice, beta-alanine or sodium phosphate, as the studies to date are scarce and there are many types of EA that need to be further considered in this population, such as creatine and taurine.

Ready for Combat, Psychophysiological Modifications in a Close-Quarter Combat Intervention After an Experimental Operative High-Intensity Interval Training.

ABSTRACT: Tornero-Aguilera, JF, Fernandez-Elias, VE, and Clemente-Suárez, VJ. Ready for combat, psychophysiological modifications in a close-quarter combat intervention after an experimental operative HIIT. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 732-737, 2022-This study aimed to analyze the effect of an experimental operative high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on the psychophysiological response of soldiers in a close-quarter combat (CQC) intervention. The psychophysiological response of 22 professional soldiers in a CQC before and after an experimental 2-week operative HIIT was analyzed. Training intervention produced a significant increase in blood lactate, isometric hand-grip strength, perceived stress, rates of perceived exertion, anxiety response, heart rate, and autonomic sympathetic modulation and a significant decrease in cortical arousal requirements. An experimental operative high-intensity interval training produced an increase on the psychophysiological operativity for CQC scenarios, increasing the sympathetic and physiological response and decreasing the cortical arousal requirement of soldiers.

Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Does Not Improve Match-Play Activity in Professional Tennis Players.

ObjectiveBeetroot juice is a source of dietary nitrate (NO3-) recognized as a potential ergogenic aid to enhance tolerance during endurance exercise of submaximal-to-maximal intensity. However, little is known about the effects of beetroot juice on exercise performance in intermittent sports such as tennis. The present study aimed to determine the effect of acute beetroot juice supplementation on movement patterns during a competitive tennis match in professional players.MethodsIn a double-blind and randomized experiment, nine professional tennis players performed two experimental trials 3 h after ingesting either 70 mL of a commercially-available concentrated beetroot juice (6.4 mmol NO3-) or placebo (0.005 mmol NO3-). In each experimental trial, players completed a 3-set tennis match and two performance tests (i.e., serve speed and isometric handgrip strength) before and after the match. Match-play running performance was recorded using wearable GPS and accelerometer units.ResultsIn comparison to the placebo trial, the acute beetroot juice supplementation did not modify any match-play running performance (p = 0.178 to 0.997, d = 0.01 to 0.42). Furthermore, beetroot juice supplementation did not alter the pre-to-post match change in serve speed (p = 0.663, ηp2 = 0.03) or isometric handgrip strength (p = 0.219, ηp2 = 0.18).Conclusions: The current results indicated that acute ingestion of a commercialized shot of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (70 mL containing 6.4 mmol of NO3-) did not produce any performance benefit on tennis matchplay. Thus, acute beetroot juice supplementation seems an ergogenic aid with little value to enhance physical performance in professional tennis players.

Acute psychological and behavioral effect of COVID-19 confinement measures in Spanish population / Efecto psicológico y conductual agudo de las medidas de confinamiento del COVID-19 en población española

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is now a major global health issue and quarantine is being applicated worldwide as asuppression measure. The aim of this study was to analyse the psychological and behavioural modifications associated withthe first phase of the confinement period in Spanish population.Material and method: Variables of anxiety, sleep quality, motivation, food intake and physical activity habits and body weightwere analysed in ninety-one participants (35.7±10.4 years old) at the beginning of the quarantine, after three days, one week,two weeks and three weeks of the confinement decreed in Spain.Results: A significant (P<0.05) increase of 20% prevalence was found in the number of participants that started to exercise.Despite this, anxiety levels increased throughout the confinement, being significant after 2 weeks of isolation compared tothe initial moment. None of the other variables significantly presented modifications. Correlation analysis showed that anxietylevels were positively related to the number of daily food intakes and negatively to sleep quality. On the other hand, the timededicated to aerobic exercise was negatively related to body weight and the number of intakes, and positively to the timededicated to anaerobic exercise (p <0.05 for all correlations).Conclusion: We found how first phase of confinement period in the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain produced a significantincrease in anxiety levels, and subjects that started to exercise, do not significantly affecting body weight, food intakes, sleepquality and motivation of subjects. Higher food ingestions per day positively correlated with anxiety and negatively withsleep quality.(AU)

Objetivo: La pandemia de COVID-19 es ahora un importante problema de salud mundial y la cuarentena se está aplicandoen todo el mundo como medida de supresión. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las modificaciones psicológicas yconductuales asociadas a la primera fase del período de encierro en población española.Material y método: Se analizaron variables de ansiedad, calidad del sueño, motivación, ingesta alimentaria y hábitos deactividad física y peso corporal en noventa y un participantes (35,7 ± 10,4 años) al inicio de la cuarentena, después de tresdías, una semana, dos semanas y tres semanas del confinamiento decretado en España.Resultados: Se encontró un aumento significativo (P <0,05) del 20% de prevalencia en el número de participantes quecomenzaron a hacer ejercicio. A pesar de ello, los niveles de ansiedad aumentaron a lo largo del confinamiento, siendosignificativo a las 2 semanas de aislamiento respecto al momento inicial. Ninguna de las otras variables estudiadas presentómodificaciones significativas. El análisis de correlaciones mostró que los niveles de ansiedad se relacionaron positivamentecon el número de ingestas de comida diaria y negativamente con la calidad del sueño. Por otro lado, el tiempo dedicado aejercicio aeróbico se relacionó negativamente con el peso corporal y el número de ingestas, y positivamente con el tiempodedicado a ejercicio anaeróbico (p<0,05 para todas las correlaciones).Conclusión: Encontramos cómo la primera fase del período de encierro en la pandemia de COVID-19 en España produjo unaumento significativo en los niveles de ansiedad, y los sujetos que comenzaron a hacer ejercicio, no afectaron significativa-mente el peso corporal, la ingesta de alimentos, la calidad del sueño y la motivación de los sujetos. La mayor ingesta diariade alimentos se correlacionó positivamente con la ansiedad y negativamente con la calidad del sueño.(AU)

¿Está exenta de consecuencias adversas la perforación iatrogénica de la vesícula biliar durante la colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva? / Iatrogenic gallbladder perforation during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, is it exempt from adverse consequences?

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio se llevó a cabo para valorar las consecuencias de la perforación iatrogénica de la vesícula biliar (PIVB), investigando su asociación con complicaciones posoperatorias, uso de antibióticos y drenajes, duración de la cirugía y estancia posoperatoria. Materiales y Método: Se incluyeron 1.703 pacientes con colecistectomía laparoscópica electiva, divididos en dos grupos: con PIVB (Grupo 1; n = 321) y sin PIVB (Grupo 2; n = 1.382). Se compararon los resultados entre ambos grupos. Resultados: El porcentaje de PIVB fue de 18,85%. El vertido aislado de bilis ocurrió en 241 pacientes (14,15%) y el de bilis y cálculos en 80 pacientes (4,64%). La incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico no fue diferente entre ambos grupos. La incidencia de PIVB fue mayor en varones (43,3% vs 31,3%), pacientes con adherencias perivesiculares (17,75% vs. 10,5%) y pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de colecistitis aguda (11,52% vs. 4,92%). La PIVB se asoció significativamente con mayor duración de la cirugía (77,3 vs. 65,4 minutos), mayor uso de drenajes y antibióticos y mayor estancia posoperatoria. No hubo complicaciones tardías. Discusión y Conclusión: La PIVB no aumenta la incidencia de infección, pero se asocia con un mayor uso de drenajes y antibióticos, mayor duración de la cirugía y mayor estancia posoperatoria.

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes in patients with iatrogenic gallbladder perforation (IGP), investigating its association with postoperative complications, use of antibiotics and drains, operative time and postoperative stay. Materials and Method: 1703 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included and divided in two groups: with IGP (Group 1, n = 321) and without IGP (Group 2, n = 1382). We compared the outcomes between both groups. Results: The IGP rate was 18.85%. Isolated bile spillage occurred in 241 patients (14.15%), and stone spillage in 80 patients (4.64%). The incidence of surgical site infections was not different between both groups. The IGP rate was significantly higher in male (43.3% vs 31.3%), in patients with perivesicular adhesions (17.75% vs 10.5%) and in patients with histologic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (11.52% vs 4.92%). Operative time was significantly longer in patients with IGP (77.3 vs 65.4 minutes). Intraoperative drain and antibiotic use, as well as postoperative stay were, also, significantly higher in patients with IGP. There was not any late complication. Conclusión: Bile and gallstones spillage do not lead to an increase in surgical site infections, but is associated with an increased use of antibiotics and drains, longer operative time and longer postoperative stay.

Acute Impacts of Different Types of Exercise on Circulating α-Klotho Protein Levels.

Introduction: Elevated plasma α-klotho (αKl) protects against several ageing phenotypes and has been proposed as a biomarker of a good prognosis for different diseases. The beneficial health effects of elevated plasma levels of soluble αKl (SαKl) have been likened to the positive effects of exercise on ageing and chronic disease progression. It has also been established that molecular responses and adaptations differ according to exercise dose. The aim of this study is to compare the acute SαKl response to different exercise interventions, cardiorespiratory, and strength exercise in healthy, physically active men and to examine the behavior of SαKl 72h after acute strength exercise. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, plasma SαKl was measured before and after a cardiorespiratory exercise session (CR) in 43 men, and strength exercise session (ST) in 39 men. The behavior of SαKl was also examined 24, 48, and 72h after ST. Results: Significant differences (time×group) were detected in SαKl levels (p=0.001; d=0.86) between CR and ST. After the ST intervention, SαKl behavior varied significantly (p=0.009; d=0.663) in that levels dropped between pre- and post-exercises (p=0.025; d=0.756) and were also significantly higher compared to pre ST values at 24h (p=0.033; d=0.717) and at 48h (p=0.015; d=0.827). Conclusions: SαKl levels increased in response to a single bout of cardiorespiratory exercise; while they decreased immediately after strength exercise, levels were elevated after 24h indicating different klotho protein responses to different forms of exercise.

Evolución de los niveles séricos de proteína C-reactiva y procalcitonina tras resección hepática / Evolution of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin serum levels after hepatic resection

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la evolución de los niveles séricos de proteína C-reactiva y procalcitonina tras resección hepática. Materiales y Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo, con pacientes con diferentes tipos de resección hepática, sin infección ni complicaciones mayores posoperatorias. Los niveles de proteína C-reactiva y procalcitonina se midieron el día anterior a la cirugía y diariamente, hasta el 7° día, o hasta el alta, lo primero que ocurriera. Resultados: Se incluyeron 42 pacientes. Los niveles de procalcitonina, a las 24 h, correlacionaban significativamente con la duración de la operación (p = 0,04). A las 48 h, los niveles de proteína C-reactiva fueron mayores en las resecciones hepáticas no lobares que en las lobares (p = 0,049). A las 24 h, los niveles de procalcitonina aumentaron más en las hepatectomías mayores que en las menores (p = 0,017). Los niveles de procalcitonina fueron significativamente menores en los pacientes con abordaje laparoscópico en los 4 primeros días. Conclusión: La resección hepática produce un aumento de los niveles séricos de proteína C-reactiva y procalcitonina, pero con menor intensidad si el abordaje es laparoscópico. Los niveles séricos de proteína C-reactiva tienden a ser mayores en las hepatectomías menos extensas, mientras que los de procalcitonina tienden a ser mayores en las más extensas.

Aim: To evaluate the postoperative evolution of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin after hepatic resection. Materials and Method: Prospective observational study, including patients with different types of hepatic resection, without infectious or major postoperative complications. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein serum levels were measured on the day prior to surgery and every day after surgery until the seventh postoperative day. Results: Forty-two patients were included. There was a significant correlation between procalcitonin levels at 24 hours after surgery and the overall length of surgery (p = 0.04). C-reactive protein was higher in nonlobar hepatectomies than in lobar hepatectomies 48 hours after surgery (p = 0.049). Procalcitonin was higher in major hepatectomies than in minor hepatectomies 24 hours after surgery (p = 0.017). Procalcitonin levels were significantly lower in patients with laparoscopic approach in the first four postoperative days. Conclusion: Hepatic resection increases the serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, but with less intensity if the approach is laparoscopic. C-reactive protein levels tend to be higher in less extensive hepatectomies and procalcitonin levels tend to be higher in more extensive resections.

The Impact of Nationality on the Psychophysiological Stress Response and Academic Fulfilment in the Final Degree Dissertation.

The aims of this study were: i. to analyze the effect of nationality on the psychophysiological stress response of physiotherapy last year students in their final degree dissertations; and ii. to analyze the relationship between the stress response and academic results according to nationality. We evaluated the autonomic stress response, cortical arousal, distress subjective perception, and objective and subjective academic fulfilment in Spanish, Italian, and French physiotherapy students during their final degree dissertation. Results showed a large anticipatory anxiety response before the dissertation in the three student groups. Only the Spanish group showed an increased tendency in the habituation process, reducing the psychophysiological stress response during the dissertation, while the Italian and French groups maintained a large sympathetic activation until the end of the dissertation. Cortical arousal and subjective perception of distress were similar in the three nationalities. In addition, no correlation between academic fulfilment and autonomic modulation was found. We concluded that there was no nationality effect in the psychophysiological stress response of physiotherapy last year students in their final degree dissertation, all of them showing a large anticipatory anxiety response.